Since its founding in 1. US$4 billion company has been engaged in cutting- edge research and innovation, securing more than 7,2. Yokogawa’s global network of engineering resources is ready to respond whenever and wherever to our customers’ requirements. We take pride in our Vigilant. Plant mission of realizing the ideal plant for our customers. Our customers can depend on our service offices and maintenance engineers for support whenever it is needed, at all phases of the plant lifecycle. In line with our Vigilant. Plant vision for the ideal plant, Yokogawa provides a comprehensive suite of services that ensure safe, reliable, environmentally friendly, and profitable plant operations. System Software Updates. Periodically, system software must be brought up to date by adding new functions, enhancing existing functions, and fixing bugs. For a variety of reasons, many of our customers would prefer to wait for a scheduled plant shutdown to update their system software to the latest version. Even if a customer has not yet installed an earlier version of the software, Yokogawa guarantees that the system will keep working normally and without interruption when the latest software version is installed. Yokogawa also guarantees that the software will be fully compatible. System Modification & Expansion. Our customers often need to modify or expand a control system after it is installed, and major concerns with this include avoiding disruptions to plant operations, minimizing the shutdown period, and minimizing the risks of a hot system cutover. Yokogawa offers a virtual environment for FCS and HIS where both the control and operator functions of the CENTUM database can be tested without FCS hardware. It ensures the new programs will work when they are installed, reduces risks of system failures, and minimizes the shutdown period. Upgrading (moving from one Yokogawa system to another Yokogawa system)For each of its CENTUM systems, Yokogawa has paid particular attention to helping its customers manage lifecycle costs by optimizing the upgrade process. Upgrading is simple and quick: it takes just one click of a mouse to execute an FCS upgrade. All of Yokogawa's legacy CENTUM systems can be controlled and monitored from a newer CENTUM system. Via a control network, CENTUM VP can control and monitor operations at a plant that relies on a CENTUM V, CENTUM- XL, CENTUM CS, or CENTUM CS 3. The latest CENTUM VP can also communicate with both the N- IO and the more traditional FIO and Yokogawa will continue to sell and provide long- term support to both types of I/O. Thus, by allowing its customers to utilize their existing assets wherever possible, Yokogawa offers them a cost- effective way to upgrade their production control systems. Migration (moving from a non- Yokogawa system to a Yokogawa system)CENTUM has been Yokogawa’s DCS brand since 1. CENTUM system was released to the market. Many of our competitors in the DCS market have either been acquired by other companies or have disappeared from the market together with their control systems. Only a handful of the companies that were first active in this market are still around today. Not satisfied with another vendor’s control systems? Consider migrating to it to CENTUM VP. We have successfully migrated over 3.
Yokogawa systems so far and the number is steadily growing. To name a few: Bailey INFI9. Foxboro I/A, Emerson RS3/PROVOX/Delta. V, Eurotherm, Hartman & Brown Contronic. P, Hitachi, Honeywell TDC2. TDC3. 00. 0/PKS, Siemens SIMATIC, Taylor MODCELL, Toshiba, Allen- Bradley PLC. I just wana know how reliable Foxboro DCS is when. Yokogawa Dcs Engineer Resume Any where. Senior System engineer Carried out and supervise the DCS upgrade from Centum XL to Centum 3000 for all embedded.
0 Comments
Mortgage Rates in Massachusetts - MA Home Loans.
VanDyk Mortgage - Your Source for FHA, VA, and USDA Loan Pro\'s. See today's Boston mortgage rates and get personalized home loan quotes from Boston Massachusetts mortgage lenders. Patrick Queally is a Prospect Mortgage licensed Loan Officer (NMLS #26990) in Braintree, MA that can assist with all of your home loan needs. Skip or bypass Rapidshare, Megaupload Waiting time ~ hack- crack- full. Yes, you are reading it correctly, its not a prank or joke, now you can easily avoid the waiting time or usually we say time limit when you download as a free user from the file sharing services such as rapidshare, megaupload, deposifiles, hotfile. Normally you have to wait for 2. They implement ways to invite users to purchase a premium service. But this way of limiting Free download limit and asking free users to wait for long time to start another download can be annoying one. Skipscreen is an extension to browser to by pass waiting time on download. Recently we had written about a free download for rapidshare free users, which lets you download more than one file simultaneously with out. SkipScreen is a free add-on that skips the clicking and waiting on sites like RapidShare, Mediafire, zShare, and more. For premium users these sites don't make any panic, but for free users there is big problem that is waiting. Step to Hack RapidShare DownTime Limits and Waiting Time. Tips; Step to Hack RapidShare DownTime Limits and Waiting Time. Be the first to get a NEW Rapidshare FREE PREMIUM ACCOUNT. Goto the page you want to download. In the address bar put the following: javascript: alert(c=0)4. Click OK to the pop- up box. Download Your File. Method 2: Request a new IP address from your ISP server. Here’s how to do it in windows: 1. In the run box type cmd. OK4. When the command prompt opens type the following. ENTER after each new line. Note: This might only work for DSL/Modem Internet Connection, not for Cable Internet usershappy hacking..!!! If you like my videos plz subscribe or comment =) -----UPDATE----- IF THIS METHOD DOES NOT WORK ANY MORE FOLLOW THIS.Free Rapidshare Downloads With Wait Time=0: If you are a Free user of Rapidshare. Rapidshare Hack Waiting Time. Earlier we covered a hack for Free Rapidshare Downloads with Zero wait time. Hack the waiting time in RapidShare, so you don't need to wait for 30 seconds until the download button appear. No application needed. What you need is just a Web Browser such as Internet Explorer.
Wondering which are the best weight loss programs for women? Which diets or weight loss solutions can generate the best, the healthiest, the safest and the faster results? Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid. Weight gain; Weight loss effects of water; Prenatal nutrition; Bulimia nervosa. Get a hot new Rockin' Body with Shaun T's high-octane dance party that will have you sweating off the pounds to all your favorite dance-floor hits! The Benefits of Dance Exercises and How it Promotes Weight Loss - Dance fitness and weight loss programs are extremely popular in the United States. The ability to participate in an exercise program that focuses on performing dance movements at a high energy level has captured the attention of millions of individuals that are looking to effectively lose weight. One reason for the popularity of dance- oriented aerobic fitness programs is that many individuals find that the movements are fun to perform, highly motivating, boredom- free and burn a high number of calories per exercise session. Best Dance Weight Loss ProgramsIndividuals that participate in dance- oriented fitness programs receive an excellent cardiovascular workout and high- quality muscle toning, all while learning dance moves and enjoying the overall process. Also known as “beat- based” fitness, dance fitness is basically the process of exercising through the movement of dance- oriented steps associated with music. Created to assist individuals that are not motivated by traditional cardiovascular workouts, or that are looking to add variety to their existing workout, dance fitness allows you to achieve an aerobic effect while genuinely enjoying the process. Not only does dance fitness help to sculpt and tone your muscles, it also reduces the boredom that can come from performing the same workout routine day in and day out. The Weight Management Program for adults at UCSF Medical Center offers customized weight management plans including weight loss techniques, dietary plans, exercise programs and behavior modification as well as support groups. 10 Simple Dances To Help You Lose Weight Easily July 14, 2016 Want to look slim. Dance Vs Other Weight Loss Methods. Common weight loss solutions are working out at the gym, weight loss diets, weight loss supplements and pills. Can dancing cause weight loss? Benefits of Belly Dancing 3. Many forms of dance can cause weight loss. Dancing is a fantastic form of exercise. Not only does it raise the heart rate through. Camp Shane Weight Loss Camps. Proven weight loss results; Medically supervised weight loss camp; Not . Phil Show; Boys 7-19 Your Summer Weight Loss Program. Weight Loss Resources Basics Abs Specialty Workouts and Videos Exercise and Health. Weight Loss Programs Glossary View All By Paige Waehner. Types of Movements. Dance fitness provides motivation to continue working out on a regular basis. There is no single dance type that you must choose, but rather a large variety of dance classes that you can sample and select based on your preferences. Dance fitness classes are offered at fitness centers, dance centers and even community centers. In addition, several companies have produced dance- oriented aerobic workouts that can be purchased in DVD or VHS form and performed in the comfort of your own home. There are several dance types to choose from when deciding which type of dance fitness best fits your personal fitness goals and your personal taste. The more common types of dance fitness are as follows: Ballet Dance Fitness Classes are ideal for adults and adolescents. They're designed to improve posture and increase flexibility in your muscles, ligaments and tendons. Ballet- oriented dance fitness classes also increase muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance, and promote grace, poise and elegance in your movements. Basic Ballroom Dance Fitness Classes involve performing the basic steps associated with various types of ballroom dances like the Cha- Cha, Foxtrot, Jive, Quickstep, Rumba, Salsa, Samba, Tango and the Waltz. Each of these ballroom dance types focus on improving flexibility, balance, coordination, cardiovascular endurance and muscular tone. Belly Dancing Fitness Classes can be performed by virtually anyone regardless of their age, body weight or size. Known for its focus on the abdominal muscles and developing core strength, belly dancing also works your back muscles near the pelvic floor while toning your thighs, hips, glutes and hamstrings. Performing a belly dancing exercise routine is also excellent for improving posture and flexibility, and toning the muscles. Belly dancing routines can also be used to calm and relax the mind. Hip- Hop Dance Fitness Classes receive their inspiration from break dancing, street dancing and jazz, and emphasize rhythm and high energy when performed. Hip- hop dance fitness classes tend to burn a high number of calories, and are tailored to individuals who enjoy hip- hop music and are looking to lose excess body weight. Loose- fitting, comfortable clothing is recommended when performing a hip- hop dance fitness class. Jazz Dance Fitness Classes are among the more popular types of dance and can be performed by those of virtually any age. Jazz- style dance fitness classes improve cardiovascular endurance, increase muscular tone and improve balance and flexibility. Pure Latin Dance Fitness Classes are typically performed by couples or individuals with a partner. Pure Latin dance- oriented classes include dance styles like the Cha- Cha, Jive, Rumba, Salsa and Samba. Like many other dance styles, pure Latin dance styles promote improvements in cardiovascular endurance, muscle tone, balance and coordination. In addition, these types of dance movements tend to be sophisticated, high energy and enjoyable to perform. Salsa Dance Fitness Classes are a fusion of funk, hip- hop, jazz, reggae and samba, and are divided into two types - Solo Salsa and Couples Salsa. Solo Salsa is performed with a fast beat to Latin pop or salsa music, and each step is further divided into sub- steps to allow for easier execution of movements. Couples Salsa is, of course, performed with a partner. Each individual performs a specific series of movements in conjunction with their partner. Both types of salsa dance fitness classes are designed to improve coordination, balance, muscular tone and cardiovascular endurance. There are several different styles of salsa that can be performed. The different styles typically include variations in step patterns, timing of the actual steps, attitude and dress code, to name a few. Street Dance Fitness Classes utilize several different styles of dance and are typically performed with a high level of energy. Street dance fitness classes promote cardiovascular and muscular development and require balance and coordination between the participants. In addition, the high energy nature of the dance routines are an excellent way to relieve stress and calm the mind. Tap Dance Fitness Classes are performed by individuals of all age groups throughout the world. Tap dance fitness classes are an outstanding activity for improving balance, coordination, endurance and muscular tone. Tap dancing fitness classes require appropriate shoes to truly perform the movements correctly, and to get the full effect of the dance routine. Line Dance Fitness Classes can be performed by all age groups and provide an excellent workout that is fun and energizing. Line dancing is considered a low impact form of exercise despite the fact that your heart rate will rise quickly. Many of the movements in line dancing exercise the muscles of your legs, core and arms. Each of the different dance styles incorporate several similar movements and concepts, though each is unique in its own way. For this reason, you will want to evaluate each of the dance types to determine which of them best suits not only your personal fitness goals, but also your personality. Learning the dance technique associated with each of the dance styles will require discipline, as does working out in general. As with any fitness routine, it may be beneficial to exercise with a workout partner or companion in order to remain dedicated to your workout. In several instances, the dance classes actually require a partner. Targeted Muscles. In general, all dance- oriented fitness routines will emphasize cardiovascular endurance. However, to a varying degree, each type of dance class will exercise virtually all of your muscles. While all of the dance types will emphasize the core and lower body muscles, some of the classes will also work the chest, shoulders and arms as well. In addition, several of the dance- oriented classes utilize a pair of dumbbells. In this case, additional focus will be placed on conditioning and strengthening the arms, shoulders and chest muscles. All in all, each dance type will tone your entire body, reduce excess body weight, improve cardiovascular endurance and increase flexibility, balance and coordination. Always remember to properly warm up and stretch before performing your dance exercise routine. By doing so, your body will better prepared, you will reduce the probability of injury, and you will enjoy a much more effective workout. Following the actual dance exercise workout, you should perform a cool- down routine. In many instances, dance- oriented classes add an abdominal exercise routine to the end of the dance class. Aerobic Effect. Exercising and conditioning the entire cardiovascular system is probably the single greatest health benefit derived from performing a dance- oriented fitness class. This being said, your goal should be to achieve an aerobic effect each and every time you perform your dance- oriented workout. What this means is that you will want to achieve and maintain your target heart rate for a minimum of 2. Required Equipment. Relatively little equipment is necessary for dance- oriented workouts. However, there are differences in the equipment that is required when comparing the various dance types. For example, an individual that is going to begin performing ballet dance classes may be required to purchase tights and a leotard. Tap dancers may be required to purchase tap dancing shoes. In addition, you will want to make sure that you have a good pair of shoes and a water bottle to ensure that you stay hydrated. Benefits. There are several physical and mental benefits associated with regularly performing a dance- oriented fitness class. To a varying degree, each of the dance styles will burn a reasonable number of calories per exercise session. This will promote effective and safe weight loss. In addition, improvements will be seen in cardiovascular condition and endurance. As you continue to participate in the dance classes, you will see improvements in balance, flexibility, coordination and rhythm. Improvements will also be seen in muscular tone, especially in the core and lower body areas. Other physical benefits include maintained or increased bone density and a reduction in blood pressure. Dance- oriented classes are meant to be challenging but enjoyable. Many individuals find that performing dance calms their mind, alleviates stress and creates a greater sense of mental well- being. The amount of calories burned per exercise session will vary based on several factors. Satoshi Tomiie => House. Satoshi Tomiie & Mes / Madrugada / SAW0071 / WEB / 2009 ARTIST: Satoshi Tomiie And Mes TITLE: Madrugada LABEL: Saw Recordings GENRE: House BITRATE: 320kbps avg PLAYTIME: 0h 32min total RELEASE DATE: 2009-05-06 RIP DATE: 2009. Here you can find canada origamicanada origamikamiya satoshi shared files. Download Satoshi Tomiie Live. 1.35 MB from rapidshare. If you have any other trouble downloading canada origamicanada origamikamiya satoshi post. Artist: Satoshi Tomiie & Hector Romero Title: Undulation 1 Label: Saw Recordings Cat.#: 6 75427 10012 3 Genre: Electronic Style: Progressive House, Tribal House, Deep House Released: Tracks: 12 Quality: APE / 320.
Driven (Original Mix)<br /><br /><a href='http:// target=' The Remixes is the first remix album by American singer Mariah Carey, released in the United States on October 3, 2003 by Columbia Records. Satoshi Tomiie; 9:50: 4. 102-Delerium - After All (Satoshi Tomiie Remix). After All (Satoshi Tomiie Remix) Track name/Position : 2. From Data Ware: Full-featured software for generating almost any type of barcode. It can be bound to a data source for use in a database reports. Barcode Generator, free and safe download. Barcode Generator latest version: Affordable and fast barcode generator. All advance barcodes are supported with multi. Generate Batch Barcode, over print barcode on existing forms, shipping labels, invoices, etc.Download free barcode printing software. License. Trial version. Language. English. Platformwindows. The complete business solution for all your labeling and printing needs .. CD label maker; this one program includes everything you need. Code 39 (3 of 9) barcode software from Azalea Software. Buy online, download now. Easy to use label printing software! Professional label printing program with linear and 2D barcodes, data import, PDF, numerous label templates. Wasp Barcode software solutions range from barcode labeling to advanced enterprise level inventory control. View all Wasp barcoding software now. The Program (1. 99. IMDb. Quotes. Steve Lattimer. I don't know, its the battle, the going to war with the other guys, hanging together, having our own dorm, staying in hotels the night before the games, setting ourselves apart, being different than everybody else, having a chance to be somebody, to do something that people look up to you for, your strength, your courage, not everybody can play football.. James Caan CBE; Born: Nazim Khan Urdu. He is best known as a former investor on the BBC television program Dragons’ Den. James and his board of entrepreneur ambassadors head up the government scheme. James Caan, News, Photos, Videos, Movie Reviews, Footage, Quotes . John Kruger (Arnie) works for the Witness Relocation Program as an 'identity eraser,' and he answers to no one. Affiliate Program; About Us; Contact; Public Relations. James Caan: Playing Against Type. 19 Wise Money Quotes. The Business Of Happiness - James Caan CBE. Partner program Accountant & Bookkeeper Guides. Quotes Expense claims. Find out one of the richest celebrity James Caan Net Worth, their valuable assets: luxury cars. How rich is James Caan? James Caan net worth: $40 Million. James Caan information. The Program: 1993: Sam Winters. 34 James Caan - Additionally, Great-Quotes has more than 2.5 million other easily searchable movie, proberbs, sayings and famous quotes. We have also selectively chosen a large collection of Inspirational, Life, Motivationa. 2 quotes from James Caan: 'The most talented people are always the nicest.' and 'Stay calm, stay focused, work with the people around you, share the strain, find the solution. Give yourself a chance, not a coronary.' Home; My.Despite an up-and-down career that was mired by excess and irrational behavior, actor James Caan was a gifted performer who was as capable of pulling heart strings as he was of br. Photos of actor James Caan. James Caan, Actor: The Godfather. Personal Quotes; Trivia; Trademark; Photo & Video. Photo Gallery; Trailers and Videos; Opinion. 1993 The Program Sam Winters. 1992 Honeymoon in Vegas Tommy Korman. Deer Hunter 2. 00. Patch. This will patch your retail version of Deer Hunter 2. Execute the Patch to remove the CD-Check from: DEER HUNTER 5.EXE ! No-CD Patches, No-CD Files, PC Game Fixes to enable you to play your PC Games without the CD in the drive. DEER HUNTER 2004 v1.1 PC Game Fix Crack for Deer Hunter. Deer Hunter: The 2005 Season v1.2 ENG. More Deer Hunter: The 2005 Season Fixes. PWZ No CD Deer Hunter. Execute the DH3-1.31-NOCD-RAZ'2K.EXE patch to remove the CD-Check from: Deer Hunter 3.EXE; Play the Game. Before installing the Deer Hunter v1.1 Update place the. Download Deer Hunter 2005 v1.2 Patch now from the world's largest gaming download site, FilePlanet! Download Deer Hunter 2005 free, If you have always wanted to play a hunting game that allows you to hunt a prized buck, then Deer Hunter 2005 is the game for you. Showing 7 download results for Deer Hunter The. Many downloads like Deer Hunter The 2005 Season V1.2 Nocd may also include a crack, serial number, unlock code, cd. Take part in competitions, community events and show everyone that you are a master hunter by moving up the leaderboards. Your Hunter Score and. Resampling (statistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. In statistics, resampling is any of a variety of methods for doing one of the following: Estimating the precision of sample statistics (medians, variances, percentiles) by using subsets of available data (jackknifing) or drawing randomly with replacement from a set of data points (bootstrapping)Exchanging labels on data points when performing significance tests (permutation tests, also called exact tests, randomization tests, or re- randomization tests)Validating models by using random subsets (bootstrapping, cross validation)Common resampling techniques include bootstrapping, jackknifing and permutation tests. Bootstrap. It may also be used for constructing hypothesis tests. It is often used as a robust alternative to inference based on parametric assumptions when those assumptions are in doubt, or where parametric inference is impossible or requires very complicated formulas for the calculation of standard errors. RESAMPLING METHODS: Not just for statisticians anymore. Ta e and Garnham (1996).Bootstrapping techniques are also used in the updating- selection transitions of particle filters, genetic type algorithms and related Resample/Reconfiguration Monte Carlo methods used in computational physics and molecular chemistry. The bootstrap allows to replace the samples with low weights by copies of the samples with high weights. Jackknife. Historically this method preceded the invention of the bootstrap with Quenouille inventing this method in 1. Tukey extending it in 1. Tukey extended this method by assuming that if the replicates could be considered identically and independently distributed, then an estimate of the variance of the sample parameter could be made and that it would be approximately distributed as a t variate with n. From this new set of replicates of the statistic, an estimate for the bias and an estimate for the variance of the statistic can be calculated. Instead of using the jackknife to estimate the variance, it may instead be applied to the log of the variance. This transformation may result in better estimates particularly when the distribution of the variance itself may be non normal. For many statistical parameters the jackknife estimate of variance tends asymptotically to the true value almost surely. In technical terms one says that the jackknife estimate is consistent. The jackknife is consistent for the sample means, sample variances, central and non- central t- statistics (with possibly non- normal populations), sample coefficient of variation, maximum likelihood estimators, least squares estimators, correlation coefficients and regression coefficients. It is not consistent for the sample median. In the case of a unimodal variate the ratio of the jackknife variance to the sample variance tends to be distributed as one half the square of a chi square distribution with two degrees of freedom. The jackknife, like the original bootstrap, is dependent on the independence of the data. Extensions of the jackknife to allow for dependence in the data have been proposed. Another extension is the delete- a- group method used in association with Poisson sampling. The statistical software program 'Resampling Stats' will be modified to serve as a teaching instrument, with emphasis on students in colleges of education - our future teachers. The American Statistic. Bootstrapping is a resampling technique in statistics that almost seems to work like magic. Find out more about this interesting topic. Resampling Stats for Excel by Resampling Stats, Inc. Resampling Stats for Excel is used by 7 users of Software Informer. Sony jumps on the PC train with its PlayStation Now program. Statistics101 is a giftware computer program that interprets and executes the simple but powerful “Resampling Stats” programming language. The original Resampling Stats language and computer program were. Resampling Stats software - standalone. Note: The following information has not been updated by the vendor since 01/27/06. Comparison of bootstrap and jackknife. For the more general jackknife, the delete- m observations jackknife, the bootstrap can be seen as a random approximation of it. Both yield similar numerical results, which is why each can be seen as approximation to the other. Although there are huge theoretical differences in their mathematical insights, the main practical difference for statistics users is that the bootstrap gives different results when repeated on the same data, whereas the jackknife gives exactly the same result each time. Because of this, the jackknife is popular when the estimates need to be verified several times before publishing (e. Resampling Stats Illustrations 23 The birthday problem (program “birthday”) What is the probability that two or more people among a roomful of 25 have the same birthday? Free Statistical Software, Free Mathematical Software. An Interactive Program for Statistical Analysis and Matrix Algebra. Clone of the Resampling Stats Program. Prices of other volumes will vary depending on whether or not they contain facsimiles of the text. Resampling Stats 3.14 by Paul T. Keyser Resampling Stats is a useful, moderately powerful, stand-alone program. Resampling Statistics: Randomization and the Bootstrap. This is the second set of web pages that I have built on resampling statistics. The first was based on a Visual Basic program that I wrote quite a few years ago. On the other hand, when this verification feature is not crucial and it is of interest not to have a number but just an idea of its distribution, the bootstrap is preferred (e. Whether to use the bootstrap or the jackknife may depend more on operational aspects than on statistical concerns of a survey. The jackknife, originally used for bias reduction, is more of a specialized method and only estimates the variance of the point estimator. This can be enough for basic statistical inference (e. The bootstrap, on the other hand, first estimates the whole distribution (of the point estimator) and then computes the variance from that. While powerful and easy, this can become highly computer intensive. However, the bootstrap variance estimator is not as good as the jackknife or the balanced repeated replication (BRR) variance estimator in terms of the empirical results. Furthermore, the bootstrap variance estimator usually requires more computations than the jackknife or the BRR. Thus, the bootstrap is mainly recommended for distribution estimation. It should only be used with smooth, differentiable statistics (e. This may become a practical disadvantage (or not, depending on the needs of the user). This disadvantage is usually the argument favoring bootstrapping over jackknifing. More general jackknifes than the delete- 1, such as the delete- m jackknife, overcome this problem for the medians and quantiles by relaxing the smoothness requirements for consistent variance estimation. Usually the jackknife is easier to apply to complex sampling schemes than the bootstrap. Complex sampling schemes may involve stratification, multiple stages (clustering), varying sampling weights (non- response adjustments, calibration, post- stratification) and under unequal- probability sampling designs. Theoretical aspects of both the bootstrap and the jackknife can be found in Shao and Tu (1. The two key differences to the bootstrap are: (i) the resample size is smaller than the sample size and (ii) resampling is done without replacement. The advantage of subsampling is that it is valid under much weaker conditions compared to the bootstrap. In particular, a set of sufficient conditions is that the rate of convergence of the estimator is known and that the limiting distribution is continuous; in addition, the resample (or subsample) size must tend to infinity together with the sample size but at a smaller rate, so that their ratio converges to zero. While subsampling was originally proposed for the case of independent and identically distributed (iid) data only, the methodology has been extended to cover time series data as well; in this case, one resamples blocks of subsequent data rather than individual data points. There are many cases of applied interest where subsampling leads to valid inference whereas bootstrapping does not; for example, such cases include examples where the rate of convergence of the estimator is not the square root of the sample size or when the limiting distribution is non- normal. Cross- validation. Subsets of the data are held out for use as validating sets; a model is fit to the remaining data (a training set) and used to predict for the validation set. Averaging the quality of the predictions across the validation sets yields an overall measure of prediction accuracy. Cross- Validation is employed repeatedly in building decision trees. One form of cross- validation leaves out a single observation at a time; this is similar to the jackknife. Another, K- fold cross- validation, splits the data into K subsets; each is held out in turn as the validation set. This avoids . For comparison, in regression analysis methods such as linear regression, each y value draws the regression line toward itself, making the prediction of that value appear more accurate than it really is. Cross- validation applied to linear regression predicts the y value for each observation without using that observation. This is often used for deciding how many predictor variables to use in regression. Without cross- validation, adding predictors always reduces the residual sum of squares (or possibly leaves it unchanged). In contrast, the cross- validated mean- square error will tend to decrease if valuable predictors are added, but increase if worthless predictors are added. In other words, the method by which treatments are allocated to subjects in an experimental design is mirrored in the analysis of that design. If the labels are exchangeable under the null hypothesis, then the resulting tests yield exact significance levels; see also exchangeability. Confidence intervals can then be derived from the tests. The theory has evolved from the works of Ronald Fisher and E. Pitman in the 1. 93. To illustrate the basic idea of a permutation test, suppose we have two groups A. The permutation test is designed to determine whether the observed difference between the sample means is large enough to reject the null hypothesis H0. First, the difference in means between the two samples is calculated: this is the observed value of the test statistic, T(obs). Then the observations of groups A. The set of these calculated differences is the exact distribution of possible differences under the null hypothesis that group label does not matter. The one- sided p- value of the test is calculated as the proportion of sampled permutations where the difference in means was greater than or equal to T(obs). The two- sided p- value of the test is calculated as the proportion of sampled permutations where the absolute difference was greater than or equal to ABS(T(obs)). If the only purpose of the test is reject or not reject the null hypothesis, we can as an alternative sort the recorded differences, and then observe if T(obs) is contained within the middle 9. If it is not, we reject the hypothesis of identical probability curves at the 5% significance level. Relation to parametric tests. The basic premise is to use only the assumption that it is possible that all of the treatment groups are equivalent, and that every member of them is the same before sampling began (i. Photo in National Geographic Magazine. National Parks Are Economic Engines. Get information about the National Geographic Society/Waitt Grants Program and learn how to apply for a grant. Fulbright-National Geographic Digital Storytelling. Find grants and raise money for environmental conservation. Learn what national and local donors are funding. Get advice on fundraising. Encounter Cuba's culture, history, and people with visits to the Bay of Pigs, Havana, and Cienfuegos on a National Geographic Expeditions cultural program. Genographic Project – National Geographic Society Press Room. About: The Genographic Project seeks to chart new knowledge about the migratory history of the human species and answer age- old questions surrounding the genetic diversity of humanity. The project is a not- for- profit, five- year, global research partnership of National Geographic and IBM launched in 2. At the core of the project is a consortium of 1. DNA analysis in their respective regions. WASHINGTON–Wednesday, April 1. The National Geographic Society and IBM today launched a groundbreaking research initiative that will trace the migratory history of the human species. The Genographic Project, a five- year research partnership, will use sophisticated laboratory and computer analysis of DNA contributed by hundreds of thousands of people, including indigenous peoples and members of . The Genographic Project has three core components: field research, public participation and awareness, and the Genographic legacy project that will fund future field research and support education and cultural preservation projects among participating indigenous groups. The NGS/Waitt Grants Program, a collaboration between the National Geographic Society and the Waitt Institute for Discovery, is made possible . The Phoenicians gave the world the alphabet and a love of the color purple, and a research study published today by Genographic scientists in the American Journal of Human Genetics (AJHG- D- 0. R2) shows that they left some people their genes as well. The study finds that as many as one in 1. Through detailed DNA analysis of samples from the French and Spanish Basque regions, the Genographic team found that . Through detailed DNA analysis of samples from 2. National Geographic Films. National Geographic Films is a wholly owned taxable subsidiary of the National Geographic Society. Films it has produced include. The Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program uses a community-based strategy to document the natural history and conservation status of tree. Led by a team of National Geographic scientists, the Genographic Project uses advanced DNA analysis to better understand human genetic roots. National Geographic and IBM launched a groundbreaking research initiative that will trace the migratory history of the human species. The Genographic Project has. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |